John Nicholson

Cost of Composting in Montreal Skyrockets

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According to the Montreal Gazette, the City of Montreal’s City could have the most expensive waste composting operations in all of Canada.  Montreal’s 2019-2021 capital spending program shows that spending on the waste organics program is estimated to be $589 million.

In the summer, a whistleblower that alerted the media of the high cost of Montreal’s waste organics program called it the “most expensive composting plants in this universe.”

The latest figure is up by 70 per cent over last year’s estimate of $344 million, though no shovel has yet gone into the ground. The project is also now more than double the initial price tag of $237.5 million that was announced in 2013.

The key changes between the new 2019-2021 capital works program and the 2018-2020 program are as follows:

  • St-Laurent composting plant: cost goes from $65.3 million in previous program to $131.9 million in new program. Delayed from December 2020 to August 2021.
  • Montreal-East biomethanation plant: goes from $72.8 million to $126.4 million in new program. Delayed from December 2020 to August 2021.
  • R.D.P.–Pointe-aux-Trembles composting plant: goes from $46.9 million in previous program to $90.7 million in new program. Delayed from December 2020 to June 2024.
  • LaSalle biomethanation plant: goes from $89.1 million in previous program to $143 million in new program. Delayed from June 2024 to June 2025.
  • Montreal-East pre-treatment plant: goes from $22.2 million to $31.1 million in new program. Delayed from December 2021 to September 2024.

The cost increase is the result of high bids on contracts to design, build, operate and maintain the first three of the five centres, the city executive committee member responsible for the project, Jean-François Parenteau, said on Thursday.

The city received a single bid in two of the calls for tenders, and two bids in the third.  La compagnie de recyclage de papiers MD and SUEZ Canada Waste Services were each the sole bidder on, respectively, a composting plant in Rivière-des-Prairies—Pointe-aux-Trembles borough and a biomethanation plant in the suburb of Montreal-East.

La compagnie de recyclage de papiers MD is a Quebec based company that has been in operation since 1991.  In 2017, it won a contract to design, build, operate and ensure the maintenance of a new recyclable materials sorting centre in the Montreal borough of Lachine.

SUEZ is one of the largest water and waste companies in the world.  In Canada, it  operates and maintains the Edmonton Co-Composting Facility, Edmonton Materials Recovery Facility, and maintains the Edmonton Integrated Processing & Transfer Facility for the City of Edmonton. SUEZ also operates and maintains the Swan Hills Treatment Centre for the Province of Alberta.

The two companies were the only competitors for a composting centre in St-Laurent borough.

 

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John Nicholson

Northern Canada Waste Management Update

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The City of Iqaluit, Nunavut recently began consultations on a $35 million waste plan.  Currently, a new landfill and recycling facility is planned.  Iqaluit is the capital city of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It sits on vast Baffin Island in Frobisher Bay.

The new waste management plan the city first announced this past July, after the federal government confirmed it will put $26.6 million into the project, amounting to 75 per cent of its $35-million cost.  The remaining 25 per cent of the money will come from the city, through the block funding it receives from the Government of Nunavut.

The $35 million will pay for a new landfill proposed to be located about 8.5 kilometres northwest of Iqaluit, the closure and cleanup of the existing landfill and a waste transfer station.

The existing municipal landfill in Iqaluit was built in 1995 as a stop-gap, to be used for just five years. Until now, the city has not been able to build a new facility because of the cost, said Amy Elgersma, the city’s acting chief administrative officer, in an interview with the media on July 20th at the landfill.

The landfill foreman, Jeff McMunn, says they see over 50 truck-loads of garbage a day, from individual drop-offs and from street collection.

At the existing landfill, waste is capped with dirt, rock and gravel. If it’s not covered quickly enough, the wind can blow items away or animals can eat it. The proposed new landfill will be a bale-fill design, which involves compacting the trash into bales that are then wrapped in plastic and stacked in neat rows.

Iqaluit’s Existing Landfill (PHOTO BY COURTNEY EDGAR)

The current plan is for the to use the waste transfer station to recycle metal and tires, and to sort electronics, furniture and household items that could be offered back to residents for re-use.  The city also says only waste that cannot be re-used or recycled will be sent to the landfill site.  The city estimates that recycling at the transfer station will result in a 44 per cent reduction in waste destined for disposal at the landfill.

The recycles generated from the waste transfer station will be sent in shipping containers to southern Canadian locations for further processing.

The Nunavut Planning Commission and the Nunavut Impact Review Board must still look at the city’s plans, through an application the city was expected to make to regulators this month.  The city hopes the construction of the transfer station and landfill will start in 2019.

 

 

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John Nicholson

Toronto Company developing technology to turn waste to bioplastics

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Genecis Bioindustries, a cleantech start-up based in Toronto, is in the process of commercializing an anaerobic digestion technology that converts food waste to Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).

PHAs are a unique types of plastics as they are bio-based (produced via microorganisms vs. petroleum based) and are also biodegradable.  PHAs (and bioplastics in general) are considered by some professionals in the waste-to-product sector as very attractive materials for three primary reasons: they can be created from renewable sources, they can also biodegrade, and they are biocompatible (not harmful to living tissue).

PHA bioplastic pellets

Research and development on manufacturing bioplastics from waste using microorganisms has been ongoing around the world for the past decade.  Some researchers have focused on specific organic waste such as banana peels or potato peelings  to produce bioplastics.

The promise of using waste to make bioplastics is considered good news by some environmental activists and other industry players since it could potentially replace the use of agricultural products (i.e., corn) in the production of bioplastics.

Genecis Technology

The production of PHAs from food waste is accomplished via anaerobic digestion. First, the company treats food waste with heat, acid and mechanical grinding. Next, anaerobic bacteria break the waste into fatty acids in an anaerobic bioreactor. The fatty acids are then introduced to another bacteria culture that converts the feedstock into PHA. Genecis then collects the PHA and coverts that into bioplastic pellets.

The patented and propriety expertise of Genecis lies in the company’s ability to modify the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PHA polymers by adjusting bacteria composition in the bioreactor, and the blending of the food waste feedstock.  This allows the company to make a wider range of PHA polymers creating a wider range of applications of the product.

Some applications in which PHAs plastics include packaging for foods, beverages, consumer products; medical applications; and agricultural foils and films.  PHAs can also be moulded into 3D printing filament.

Compared to traditional waste processing technology, like traditional anaerobic digestors, Genecis claims that its technology can generate 7 times greater revenue output, per unit tonne of waste processed, within 1/3 of the time. As the company continues to develop its synthetic biology platform, the shared profit margins further increases with each new generation of bacteria.

Partnerships

To date, Genecis has scaled up to a pilot production line, secured a 2 year partnership with Sodexo.  Sodexo is a provider of integrated food, facilities management and other services. Sodexo’s National Corporate Social Responsibility Manager – Meaghan Beck stated “Our partnership with Genecis Bioindustries Inc. inspires me that creative solutions do exist to solve our world’s food waste and landfill issues. (….) I couldn’t be more proud of Sodexo working with the Genecis team.”

Sodexo recently announced a North American Single Use Plastics Reduction Plan that will eliminate single use plastic bags and stirrers by 2019, polystyrene foam items such as cups, lids and food containers by 2025, and shift straws to a “by request” item that will still be available to customers who need them while moving toward more sustainable materials.

Besides Sodexo, Genecis has 14 other partnerships, which include waste processing companies and manufactured bioplastics buyers. Many of these partners are also locally based firms.

About Genecis

Luna Lu, Genecis Bioindustries Founder

Genecis Bioindustries was founded by Luna Yu, a graduate student from University of Toronto, and currently has a team of 12 engineers and scientists as well as members with business experience.  The company started on the campus at University of Toronto in 2016.

Ms. Yu first realized the potential of food waste after completing her studies at University of Toronto in Environmental Science.  “What appealed the most to me was the ability to integrate advancements in artificial intelligence, big data, automation, and genetic engineering together to build the platform for the next generation of industrial chemical manufacturing,” told the Varsity, the University of Toronto Student newspaper.

The company’s main value proposition is to make chemicals [or] materials currently too expensive [or] difficult to produce traditionally more economical.

Next steps

The company is leveraging advancements in artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, and genetic engineering to take their development to the next level. They recently partnered with a waste company, and aims to jointly scale up to an Industrial Demonstration Plant by the end of 2019.

Genecis is working to license its production technology to companies in the waste management sector, providing them a profitable solution to dispose of organic waste.

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John Nicholson

Development of an Alternative Glass Market: Bio-Soil from Recycled Glass

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The Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario recently reported on a research and development project that explored alternative uses for recycled glass.  The project was partially funded from the Ontario Continuous Improvement Fund, which is a partnership between the Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO), the City of Toronto, Stewardship Ontario (SO) and the Resource Productivity and Recovery Authority (formerly Waste Diversion Ontario – WDO).

In Ontario and throughout much of Canada, the marketplace for municipal grade mixed broken glass is relatively thin and, at the same time, quality specifications from end markets are becoming tighter, requiring added attention by Material Recovery Facility (MRF) operators.

Testing a Potential New End Market for Recovered Glass

Niagara Region is seeking to create a secondary market for recycled glass in the event its current market (sandblast) slows down. The project the municipality is currently working on is an innovative approach to development of an economically-effective way to replace up to 85% of the sand component of engineered bio-soil with processed recycled glass.

A perceived benefit to using recycled glass in bio-soil for the Region is that its granular sizing can be controlled and be easily reproduced at the Region’s glass processing facility.

The project features three main tasks to determine the suitability and feasibility of utilizing recycled glass as an ingredient in bio-soil.  The tasks are as follows:

  • Task 1 – Laboratory Testing of Bio-soil Quality;
  • Task 2 – Field Plot Testing of Bio-soil Quality; and
  • Task 3 – Economic Feasibility Analysis

Task 1 Progress to Date

Task 1 has three goals:

  1. Identify desired product specifications and characteristics to be in line with soil media currently used;
  2. Examine the physical, chemical, microbiological and leaching characteristics of the recycled glass; and
  3. Undertake greenhouse trials to test the effectiveness of the proposed media specifications and determine which of the mixes should be taken to larger field trails in Task 2.

So far under Task 1, the Region has experienced mixed success with laboratory germination tests. The first test revealed 80% germination and positive plant growth. However, the second growth test results were not as favourable, with only 20% growth. The discrepancy between the two is that different media mixes were used. Further testing is currently underway to confirm growth viability.

First Test with Positive Growth

Second Test with Less Than Positive Growth

The goal for Task 2, is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed media through field plot studies. The results from the greenhouse studies undertaken in Task 1 will be fully evaluated by the project team and field plots will be designed. This evaluation will identify what media mixes showed the potential characteristics desired and which one should be brought forward for the field plot studies. The field plots will be located at a site that is suitable to meet the ongoing needs of the research over the length of the project.

Assessing Economic Feasibility in Task 3

Task 3 will build on the results of Tasks 1 and 2 to complete an economic feasibility assessment for including recycled glass in bio-soil.

A first step for Task 3 is a high-level assessment (tonnages, costs, revenues) of the current recycled market in Ontario. This plus Niagara data would be used as the baseline from for comparison. The efforts would then include an examination of all the costs for production of bio-soil utilizing recycled glass. A secondary goal is the evaluation of the market costs for comparable sand products and the value ranges for which recycled glass could be purchased.

Project Next Steps

Once Niagara Region has identified and developed the correct mixture for optimal germination and growth, staff will proceed to Task 2 and carry out some field trials. Please stay tuned for a follow up blog highlighting the results of the project.

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John Nicholson

Farm Boy Grocery to test on-site organic treatment system

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Farm Boy Grocery is partnering with Food Cycle Science on a project that will test an on-site organic food waste mechanical/drying system.  As a way to extract lost value from waste, this project will show how a small footprint, on-site system can process organic food waste at grocery retailers to reduce handling, storage and transportation costs – while producing an end-product with beneficial nutrient and fertilizer properties.

Food Cycle Science is an Ottawa-based clean-tech start-up company that was incorporated in 2011.  It claims that its FoodCycler unit is capable of reducing food scraps by 90%, while converting the remaining 10% in a soil amendment.  It also claims that its system is odorless, silent, and energy efficient.

When in operation, the enclosed system first agitates the food waste, breaking it down into small particles.  While it is being agitated, it is also heated, partially decomposing and sterilizing the by-product entirely. The carbon filter filtration system on the unit is used for odour control.  The FoodCycler process takes anywhere from 2-6 hours for the process to completely dehydrate the food waste.

The form of the by-product that is generated from the process varies depending on the type of food waste being processed. Fish or cooked vegetables appear as fine powder form, and uncooked vegetables appear in a small cereal-like form. Cake, rice, and starches will have a thicker, chunkier texture.

Home-size Food Cycle Unit

The St. Lawrence River Institute of Environmental Sciences undertook an initial characterization of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the organic material produced by the FoodCycler unit located at the Cornwall Community Hospital. The preliminary results indicated that the FoodCycler material met most of the requirements for metals, pathogens and maturity for AA compost in Ontario.

Partial funding for the project is provided through the BLOOM Centre’s Clean Technology Demonstration Program.  Under Bloom Centre program, demonstrations consist of unique collaborative projects involving both a cleantech solution provider and an end-use customer ‘host’ who is representative of the broader sector. In addition, each project includes other strategic partners to support the roll-out and market adoption of the low-carbon cleantech solution following completion of the demonstration.

The outcomes and results of the demonstration project will be used to:

  • Inform stakeholders in the food supply industry that viable cleantech and low carbon solutions are commercially available;
  • Reduce the perceived environmental, economic, and business risks of adopting cleantech solutions;
  • Bridge the ‘adoption gap’ and increase the market demand for cleantech solutions; and
  • Quantify the economic, GHG emission reduction and other environmental and societal benefits from the widespread adoption of cleantech solutions in Ontario.

This is not the first foray into food recycling by Farm Boy Grocery.  In 2017, the company partnered with a company that developed a mobile app, Flashfood, meant to help tackle the enormous environmental issue of food waste, while offering discerning consumers savings on products they would purchase anyway.  It’s the first and only app focused on reducing that food waste by partnering with grocers to sell surplus items at reduced prices.

The Flashfood app allows for grocery stores to post their high-quality, surplus grocery items like prepared meals, breads and dairy before they end up as food waste. As they near their best-before date, Flashfood lists the products at lower prices for them to be purchased instead of thrown out to landfills. Savvy shoppers can buy items through the app and pick them up in store at great prices.

The Farm Boy demonstration project is scheduled to be completed by March 31, 2019.

 

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John Nicholson

Plastic-eating enzyme discovered from Fungi

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As recently reported by Kew Gardens in their first ever State of the World’s Fungi report, one species of fungi has been discovered that can break down polyester polyurethane.  The fungi was discovered in a waste dump in Pakistan by researchers.

plastic eating fungus discovered in waste dump in Pakistan

The fungus – Aspergillus tubingensis – degrades plastic by feeding on it. In lab experiments, Aspergillus tubingensis mycelia, or the branched, tubular filaments of the fungus, seize the

polyester polyurethane plastic, engendering a breakdown and scarring of the plastic’s surface.

The specific plastic that the fungus ate was polyester polyurethane (PU), which is found in products ranging from fridges to synthetic leather.  The time to degrade the plastic was eight weeks.

Researchers hailed the discovery as significant, since PU and other plastics can take decades or even hundreds of years to biodegrade, making them potentially harmful to the surrounding environment.

Dr. Sehroon Khan, of the World Agroforestry Centre and Kunming Institute of Biology, who led the Environmental Pollution study, stated, “Our team’s next goal is to determine the ideal conditions for fungal growth and plastic degradation, looking at factors such as pH levels, temperature and culture mediums.”

The team found that — though this testing is still in early stages — following two months in a liquid medium, Aspergillus tubingensis had degraded a sheet of polyester polyurethane to the point of near-dissipation. It degenerated the polyurethane better under these conditions than on an agar plate and when buried in soil.

According to the study abstract, “Notably, after two months in liquid medium, the PU film was totally degraded into smaller pieces.”

Organisms have fed on plastic waste in prior instances, so this particular finding in the Pakistani landfill site is not the first.  This new result goes alongside the accidental discovery of a plastic-eating enzyme by scientists earlier this year when two professors inadvertently altered the enzyme PETease to be better at plastic degrading.

 

 

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John Nicholson

Polystyrene Recycling Facility to be built in the U.S.A.

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Agilyx, an Oregon-based company specializing in converting waste plastics to low carbon fuels and chemicals, recently announced that it signed a Letter of Intent with AmSty, a leading producer of polystyrene and styrene monomer. The Companies intend to form a joint venture that will assume operations of Agilyx’s first-in-kind polystyrene recycling facility in Tigard, Oregon, and to pursue the development of a 50 ton per day polystyrene recycling facility at a location to be determined. 

Last August AmSty and Agilyx announced an offtake agreement to process recycled styrene monomer from Agilyx’s Tigard, Oregon, facility at AmSty’s styrene monomer plant in St. James, Louisiana. “We are excited to work with Agilyx, a leading developer of recycling technologies for plastics, as we continue to improve our PolyUsable™ process assuring polystyrene remains a viable and growing component of the circular economy,” said Brad Crocker, President and CEO of AmSty.

“Agilyx is very excited to expand our relationship with AmSty,” said Joe Vaillancourt, Agilyx’s chief executive officer. “This joint venture will greatly advance the circular economy for post-consumer polystyrene waste and reflects the confidence and support by industry for our technology platform.”

What is Polystyrene?

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), commonly referred to as polystyrene, is a type 6 plastic that is also known as the trademarked brand Styrofoam.  It is used in in food and beverage packaging (i.e., coffee cups), insulation, and for protection of materials during shipping.  It has very low density as it is over 95 percent air.

Although 100% recyclable, EPS’s low density means transporting any quantity of it for recycling proves prohibitively expensive.

The Technology

The Agilyx process converts used polystyrene products back into their original liquid form, styrene monomer.  Thermal depolymerization or pyrolysis the polystyrene is a major step in the process.  New polystyrene products can then be made from this recycled styrene monomer without any degradation of quality or value. The company holds several patents for both its technology and processes, and have additional patents pending.

Agilyx opened its first commercial waste polystyrene-to-styrene oil chemical recycling plant on April 19, 2018. The plant recycles up to 10 tonnes per day of previously unrecoverable polystyrene waste to produce high-quality styrenic polymers.

Agilyx Commercial Scale System in Oregon

About AmSty
AmSty is a leading integrated producer of polystyrene and styrene monomer, offering solutions and services to customers in a variety of markets throughout the Americas. The company is headquartered in The Woodlands, Texas, and is a member of the American Chemistry Council and its Responsible Care initiative.

About Agilyx
Agilyx is an environmental technology and development company located in Tigard, Oregon, that extracts value from difficult-to-recycle mixed waste plastic streams. The Company has developed the first system capable of recycling polystyrene waste into styrene monomer, which is then used to remake polystyrene (“PS”). The Company also has commercialized a technology that converts mixed plastics to high quality VGO crude. These efforts have allowed the Company to expand its product platform into a range of customized low carbon fuels and chemicals. Agilyx has also expanded its circular plastic recycling capabilities, implementing a method for manufacturing feedstocks used for the production of polymers. Agilyx is working with waste service providers, municipalities, refiners, and private and public enterprises to develop closed-loop industrial solutions for mixed waste plastics. Contact us to have your plastic waste streams recycled at [email protected]. For more information, follow us on social media and visit us at www.agilyx.com.

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John Nicholson

United States: Solid Waste Incineration Units/Emission Guidelines

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Article by Phillip E. Hoover, Smith Gambrell & Russell LLP

On November 13, the U.S. EPA submitted a notice of a continuing information collection request regarding emission guidelines for existing solid waste incineration units.  The information request affects existing facilities and new solid waste incineration units – including very small municipal waste combustion units and institutional waste incineration units.  The request is seeking information regarding initial notifications, performance tests, and periodic reports by the owners and operators of the affected facilities.  The U.S. EPA is also seeking additional information on the maintenance of records and the occurrence and duration of any start-up, shutdown, or malfunction in the operation of an affected facility.  Submissions are due December 13, 2018.

Please contact Phillip Hoover with any questions, or for further assistance regarding how to submit information to the U.S. EPA or for a copy of the EPA notice.

The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.

This article was first published on the Smith Gambrell & Ruessell LLP website.

Municipal WTE facilities in the U.S.A. (Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration)

 

 

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John Nicholson

Green Mantra Expanding Waste Plastic-to-Wax Products

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GreenMantra Technologies, a cleantech company headquartered in Brantford, Ontario, recently announced it was expanding product offering to include a polymer additive for wood plastic composite (WPC) lumber.  The company calls the polymer additive Ceranovus.

Ceranovus polypropylene waxes, produced from post-industrial plastic waste and post-consumer recycled plastics can be tailored to specific end-use applications (image courtesy GreenMantra Technologies).

“We are excited to offer the benefits of these additives to the WPC market,” said Carla Toth, senior vice president, sales and marketing for GreenMantra. “Industry trials combined with third-party testing validate that Ceranovus polymer additives generate value for WPC manufacturers who are seeking to lower overall formulation costs and improve operational efficiency.”

Ceranovus A-Series polymer additives can provide WPC manufacturers with both formulation and operational cost savings. And since they are made from 100 percent recycled plastics, Ceranovus additives increase the recycled content of a finished product, enhancing its sustainability profile.

GreenMantra’s Ceranovus polymer additives are also used in polymer-modified asphalt roofing and roads as well as in rubber compounding, polymer processing and adhesive applications.  Its Ceranovus A-Series waxes and polymer additives are certified by SCS Global Services as being made with 100 percent recycled post-consumer plastics.

Technology

GreenMantra utilizes catalytic pyrolysis to convert waste plastics to its various products.  A catalyst is a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected.  Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a substance by heating that occurs spontaneously at high enough temperatures.  It takes place in the absence of oxygen so no combustion occurs.

Like other plastic-to-products companies, GreenMantra’s technology is propriety.  This is often the case since plastics-to-products companies keep information on the type of catalyst used, its optimum concentration, and operating temperatures of pyrolysis system closely guarded.

About GreenMantra

GreenMantra Technologies is the world’s only company creating high-value additives and specialty chemicals from waste plastics. The company’s products add value as processing aids by improving throughput and reducing manufacturing costs, and as additives through enhancing the performance of finished products. By creating value from plastic waste, we are helping to drive a more circular economy where plastics are beneficially reused rather than landfilled.

GreenMantra was incorporated in January 2010 and founded by Pushkar Kumar, a metallurgical and materials engineers who also has an MBA.

The GreenMantra process. PHOTO GreenMantra.

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John Nicholson

New Alberta-based Waste Company Launched with backing from former Edmonton Oiler

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A new waste company recently launched in Alberta called Environmental 360 Solutions Inc. (E360S).  The founders of the company include Danny Ardellini, Almada Inc., and Paul Coffey.

E360S has acquired Can Pak Environmental Inc., a central Alberta-based family-operated business serving residential, commercial and industrial properties, from Mark Pedersen, its owner and president.  With operations in Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Beaumont, Drayton Valley, Edson, Edmonton, and Calgary, E360S now has nearly 100 employees, over 35 trucks, and 2 recycling facilities, servicing over 150,000 customers weekly.

“I would like to welcome Mark, his family and the employees at Can Pak to the E360S team. We have the operational expertise, commitment, and capitalization to build a significant player in the North American environmental waste management industry,” said Danny Ardellini, president and chief executive officer, Environmental 360 Solutions Inc. “We will be pursuing other acquisitions and organic growth opportunities to grow our business and become the trusted environmental management leader.”

“Danny Ardellini, Alon Ossip, Martin Golfarb, and I are incredibly bullish on this sector,” said Paul Coffey, the 4-time Stanley Cup Champion and 3-time Norris Trophy winner, who, along with Dave Gurney and Jason Claxton, is investing in E360S.  “Everyone at E360S and Almada understands teamwork, hard work, passion, and consistent performance. I’m looking forward to working with another championship team, with such strong Alberta roots.”

L-R Martin Goldfarb, Danny Ardellini, NHL legend Paul Coffey and Alon Ossip launch Environmental 360 Solutions and complete first acquisition. Photo: Andrew Rowat (CNW Group/Almada Inc)

About E360S Inc.
Founded in October 2018, E360S is dedicated to becoming North America’s leading and most trusted environmental management company. Growing through acquisition and internal expansion, E360S provides environmental and waste management solutions to municipalities and industrial commercial and institutional customers.  E360S is based in Toronto, Canada.

About Almada Inc.
Founded in 2017, Almada is a private equity / venture capital entity which focuses on companies in which it has a significant influence or controlling position. Almada utilizes the skills and experiences of the principals, namely Alon Ossip and Martin Goldfarb, to create a series of investments in different verticals.  Extensive work has already been done in software, industrials, real estate, environmental management, self-storage and aviation. Since its founding, Almada has invested over $200 million.  Almada is based in Toronto, Canada.

About Danny Ardellini
With 30 years of experience in the Canadian waste management industry, Mr. Ardellini founded National Waste Services (NWS) in January 2000. Starting with a single truck, the company grew to serving over 400,000 households in Hamilton, Toronto, Kawartha Lakes, Durham Region, and the County of Northumberland, as well as a number of industrial and commercial customers. NWS merged with GFL in 2008.

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